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Manzanar’s history is too complex to reduce to black and white–other than this: incarcerating Japanese-Americans was a violation of human rights, civil rights and is a matter of national shame. No matter how orderly, civil, and artisticly permissive the camp was, it was wrong to confine human beings there based simply on their race. It is a black mark on our heritage that will never be reduced to shades of gray. It was pure black, through and through.